Make the tab width used for whitespace checks configurable

Make the tab width used for whitespace checks configurable

A new whitespace "rule" is added that sets the tab width to use for
whitespace checks and fix-ups and replaces the hard-coded constant 8.

Since the setting is part of the rules, it can be set per file using
.gitattributes.

The new configuration is backwards compatible because older git versions
simply ignore unknown whitespace rules.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Sixt <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <redacted>