ref-filter: libify get_ref_atom_value()

ref-filter: libify get_ref_atom_value()

Finish removing die() calls from ref-filter formatting logic,
so that it could be used by other commands.

Change the signature of get_ref_atom_value() and underlying functions
by adding return value and strbuf parameter for error message.
Return value equals 0 upon success and -1 upon failure.
Upon failure, error message is appended to the strbuf.

Signed-off-by: Olga Telezhnaia <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <redacted>