ci: add job performing static analysis on GitLab CI

ci: add job performing static analysis on GitLab CI

Our GitHub Workflows definitions have a static analysis job that
runs the following tasks:

  - Coccinelle to check for suggested refactorings.

  - `make hdr-check` to check for missing includes or forward
    declarations in our header files.

  - `make check-pot` to check our translations for issues.

  - `./ci/check-directional-formatting.bash` to check whether our
    sources contain any Unicode directional formatting code points.

Add an equivalent job to our GitLab CI definitions.

Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <redacted>