docs: warn about possible '=' in clean/smudge filter process values

docs: warn about possible '=' in clean/smudge filter process values

A pathname value in a clean/smudge filter process "key=value" pair can
contain the '=' character (introduced in edcc858). Make the user aware
of this issue in the docs, add a corresponding test case, and fix the
issue in filter process value parser of the example implementation in
contrib.

Signed-off-by: Lars Schneider <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <redacted>