mv: add check_dir_in_index() and solve general dir check issue

mv: add check_dir_in_index() and solve general dir check issue

Originally, moving a <source> directory which is not on-disk due
to its existence outside of sparse-checkout cone, "giv mv" command
errors out with "bad source".

Add a helper check_dir_in_index() function to see if a directory
name exists in the index. Also add a SKIP_WORKTREE_DIR bit to mark
such directories.

Change the checking logic, so that such <source> directory makes
"giv mv" command warns with "advise_on_updating_sparse_paths()"
instead of "bad source"; also user now can supply a "--sparse" flag so
this operation can be carried out successfully.

Helped-by: Victoria Dye <redacted>
Helped-by: Derrick Stolee <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Shaoxuan Yuan <redacted>
Acked-by: Derrick Stolee <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <redacted>