pack-bitmap: extract `read_bitmap()` function

pack-bitmap: extract `read_bitmap()` function

The pack-bitmap machinery uses the `read_bitmap_1()` function to read a
bitmap from within the mmap'd region corresponding to the .bitmap file.
As as side-effect of calling this function, `read_bitmap_1()` increments
the `index->map_pos` variable to reflect the number of bytes read.

Extract the core of this routine to a separate function (that operates
over a `const unsigned char *`, a `size_t` and a `size_t *` pointer)
instead of a `struct bitmap_index *` pointer.

This function (called `read_bitmap()`) is part of the pack-bitmap.h API
so that it can be used within the upcoming portion of the implementation
in pseduo-merge.ch.

Rewrite the existing function, `read_bitmap_1()`, in terms of its more
generic counterpart.

Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <redacted>