precompose_utf8: make precompose_string_if_needed() public

precompose_utf8: make precompose_string_if_needed() public

commit 5c327502 (MacOS: precompose_argv_prefix(), 2021-02-03) uses
the function precompose_string_if_needed() internally.  It is only
used from precompose_argv_prefix() and therefore static in
compat/precompose_utf8.c

Expose this function, it will be used in the next commit.

While there, allow passing a NULL pointer, which will return NULL.

Signed-off-by: Torsten Bögershausen <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <redacted>