midx: implement `midx_locate_pack()`

midx: implement `midx_locate_pack()`

The multi-pack index API exposes a `midx_contains_pack()` function that
takes in a string ending in either ".idx" or ".pack" and returns whether
or not the MIDX contains a given pack corresponding to that string.

There is no corresponding function to locate the position of a pack
within the MIDX's pack order (sorted lexically by pack filename).

We could add an optional out parameter to `midx_contains_pack()` that is
filled out with the pack's position when the parameter is non-NULL. To
minimize the amount of fallout from this change, instead introduce a new
function by renaming `midx_contains_pack()` to `midx_locate_pack()`,
adding that output parameter, and then reimplementing
`midx_contains_pack()` in terms of it.

Future patches will make use of this new function.

Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <redacted>