parse-options: recognize abbreviated negated option with arg

parse-options: recognize abbreviated negated option with arg

Giving an argument to an option that doesn't take one causes Git to
report that error specifically:

   $ git rm --dry-run=bogus
   error: option `dry-run' takes no value

The same is true when the option is negated or abbreviated:

   $ git rm --no-dry-run=bogus
   error: option `no-dry-run' takes no value

   $ git rm --dry=bogus
   error: option `dry-run' takes no value

Not so when doing both, though:

   $ git rm --no-dry=bogus
   error: unknown option `no-dry=bogus'
   usage: git rm [-f | --force] [-n] [-r] [--cached] [--ignore-unmatch]

(Rest of the usage message omitted.)

Improve consistency and usefulness of the error message by recognizing
abbreviated negated options even if they have a (most likely bogus)
argument.  With this patch we get:

   $ git rm --no-dry=bogus
   error: option `no-dry-run' takes no value

Signed-off-by: René Scharfe <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <redacted>