environment: move object database functions into object layer

environment: move object database functions into object layer

The `odb_mkstemp()` and `odb_pack_keep()` functions are quite clearly
tied to the object store, but regardless of that they are located in
"environment.c". Move them over, which also helps to get rid of
dependencies on `the_repository` in the environment subsystem.

Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <redacted>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <redacted>